Laparoscopic surgery is the biggest revolution in the science of surgery in the last 20 years. Laparoscopic technique is the technologically advanced
surgical method that allows the performance of complex operations with very small incisions, with the help of specially designed tools and video
image. Laparoscopic surgery was started with the goal of minimizing surgical trauma and postoperative pain, but soon emerged as an entirely new medical specialty, that of minimally invasive surgery, with the most recent development being robotic surgery.Laparoscopic surgery is governed by the same principles as in open surgery, however the results are extremely better due to the minimal surgical trauma to which the patient is subjected. The laparoscopic instruments, as well as the camera that ensures vision, enter the patient’s body through special tubular instruments equipped with an airtight valve, the trocars. the surgeon then performs the operation using specially designed tools and forceps.
Laparoscopic surgery is no longer considered a specialty, at least in basic surgeries, but a necessary surgical practice. The specialization and experience consists in the application of the laparoscopic method in advanced surgeries (advanced laparoscopic surgery). In any case, surgery with minimally invasive techniques has unique benefits, as it is associated with minimal surgical trauma and blood loss and significantly less postoperative pain. The advancement of technology with the application of 3D imaging cameras on high definition monitors (UHD) has led to the highest levels of sharpness and detail during surgery. The results are impressive with:
- Rapid recovery, with fewer respiratory and cardiovascular complications
- Quick discharge from the hospital
- Lower hospital costs
- Rapid return to work
- Minimization of complications related to greater surgical trauma (perfusion, rupture, postoperative hernias, adhesions responsible for ileus
Current applications of laparoscopic surgery have been extended to a wide range of procedures such as:
- Laparoscopic cholecystectomy with examination of the bile duct
- Laparoscopic treatment of hernia with mesh placement (inguinal hernia, umbilical hernia, femoral hernia, postoperative abdominal hernia)
- Laparoscopic appendicectomy, which is now the most appropriate method of treating acute appendicitis
- Laparoscopic treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and hiatal hernia
- Laparoscopic treatment of esophageal achalasia
- Laparoscopic surgeries to treat clinically severe obesity
- Laparoscopic treatment of gastroduodenal ulcer complications, such as suturing of the perforation
- Laparoscopic colectomy, which is now considered (under specific indications) the choice of choice in all cases of benign and in the majority of malignancies of the colon
- Laparoscopic liver surgery, such as biopsies, resection of benign tumors, cysts and echinococcosis, and atypical hepatectomy
- Laparoscopic adrenalectomy to treat a wide range of endocrine adrenal diseases
- Laparoscopic splenectomy in selected patients
- Laparoscopy for staging and palliative treatment of tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, which offers diagnosis, biopsies – cultures under direct vision on the one hand, but also application of palliative procedures with specialized techniques
